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Combustion Technology:
Research, Development & Training
Transnational Access to Major Research Infrastructures
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Project listing- ENEL-Produzione, Pisa
Engineering
Diagnosis, prevention and mitigation of environmentally relevant potential accidents in thermoelectric plants. Read it.
Gas turbine combustion. Read it.
Development of simplified kinetic models for the interpretation of experimental data on the formation of Polynuclear Aromatic Compounds (PAC) under pyrolytic conditions. Read it.
Set-up and characterisation of a laboratory scale fixed bed reactor for the study of solid fuel thermal behaviour (coals, biomasses, refuse derived fuels, new fuels). Read it.
Development of Internet/Intranet application using html and Java. Read it.
Combustion simulation in industrial advanced burners. Read it.
Development of a mathematical model for the prediction of spray quality for a twin-fluid atomizer. Read it.
Fluid-dynamic characterisation of burner and/or gas turbine combustors in isothermal conditions. Read it.
Development and implementation of a model for the estimation of the fluid-dynamic behaviour of ash from pulverised coal combustion or gasification. Read it.
Development and test of an active control system related to combustion instabilities in gas turbines. Read it.
Experimental assessment of biomass pyrolysis. Read it.
Externally fired combined cycles for integrative employment of low cost fuels. Read it.
Integration of biomass pressurised gassification in combined cycles. Read it.
Turbomachinery. Read it.
Diagnosis, prevention and mitigation of environmentally relevant potential accidents in thermoelectric plants
State of the art on risk analysis methods, on environmental emergencies from relevant industrial accident and on operative tools for their diagnosis, prevention and mitigation - 1 month.
On-site overview of processes and technologies adopted for thermoelectric production in ENEL power plants. Evaluation of potential points of weakness with respect to environmentally relevant accident, considering specific site vulnerability and other important factors (weather conditions, etc.) - 2 months.
Set up of dedicated tools for collecting relevant data regarding the site/plant/process under evaluation (design and construction solutions, running plant conditions, territorial characteristics, historical data, etc.) and for their subsequent elaboration in risk indexes and other decision making indicators - 2 months.
Development of guide-lines and recommendations for prevention and mitigation of environmentally relevant potential accidents in thermoelectric plants - 1 month.
The Candidate will be integrated in a R&D group working on GT combustion with the aim of an active participation to lab experiences.
The activities will involve:
- Design of modifications of an experimental test-rig.
- Combustion testing at atmospheric conditions.
- Simulation of reacting flows addressed to experimental combustors.
- Data analysis and reporting.
Development of simplified kinetic models for the interpretation of experimental data on the formation of Polynuclear Aromatic Compounds (PAC) under pyrolytic conditions (also for graduates in physics and chemistry)
The formation and thermal destruction of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons during pyrolysis processes will be investigated by developing a kinetic model aimed to interpretate experimental data produced at lab scale. Pyrolysis tests carried out in an analytical pyrolyser will be used as input data to study devolatilization behaviour of coals having different rank and characteristics as well as some solid fuels derived from waste materials.
The effect of temperature and residence time into the reactor on the yields of PAH and on the composition of this class will be studied in order to assess the extent of the production of these compounds by primary and secondary pyrolysis processes and to develop models able to predict the effect of fuel and process parameters on the environmental risk associated to PAH mixtures.
Applied techniques: Application of existing mathematical models concerning mass and heat transfer in the used microreactors. Development and validation of kinetic models describing coal devolatilization and PAH formation/destruction in the experimental system.
Set-up and characterisation of a laboratory scale fixed bed reactor for the study of solid fuel thermal behaviour (coals, biomasses, refuse derived fuels, new fuels) (also for graduates in physics)
The work will consists in the equipment of a lab-scale experimental set-up constituted by an electrically heated fixed bed reactor to be applied for the study of the thermal behaviour of pulverized solid fuels of different type: coals, biomasses, new fuels derived from waste materials. The reactor will be arranged to make it possible the analytical characterization (both on-line and off-line) of the volatile products generated during thermal processes; special attention will be devoted to toxic organic by-products and, in any case, to all those organic substances that can determine some environmental or technological problems when formed or emitted from an industrial combustion plant, even thought at trace levels.
The reactor will be characterized by developing models for heat and mass transfer during the pyrolysis of a reference coal, in order to assess the effective conditions (temperature and heating rate) undergone by the sample into the reactor. This experimental set-up will be applied for studying coal devolatilization under different process conditions and the mechanisms of formation/destruction of organic micropollutants.
Applied techniques: Development and validation of mathematical models describing heat and mass transfer in the experimental reactor; development of models for coal devolatilization.
Development of Internet/Intranet application using html and Java (also for graduates in computer sciences)
Applications able to show information using a browser were developed at ENEL Production - Research. The researchers will continue the development of new applications.
The object of the work is the development of internet/intranet applications. More precisely, the work is addresses to the capability to collect data from the process network of a power plant and distribute it, in a secure way, on the office network of the same power plant or/and on the intranet network of the company. The work is motivated by the necessity to show, in real time, power plants data like power, consumption and so on to company management.
Combustion simulation in industrial advanced burners
The activity consists of utilizing a mathematical model for the application of low-NOx technologies on a small size (6 MWth) D-shape boiler, or a 0,5 MWth furnace. The model will be tuned utilizing available experimental data.
The work includes the execution of combustion tests on experimental facilities.
The codes that will be utilized are: Fluent, and a proprietary 3-D ENEL code.
Development of a mathematical model for the prediction of spray quality for a twin-fluid atomizer
The activity consists of developing a mathematical model for the study of mixing of fuel and air inside the mixing chamber of a twin-fluid atomizer, and of predicting, after a tuning based on experimental data, the effect of mixing quality on spray characteristics.
The work includes the execution of spray characterization tests by means of laser diagnostics.
Fluid-dynamic characterisation of burner and/or gas turbine combustors in isothermal conditions (also for graduates in physics)
The work includes the experimental characterisation of burner and/or gas turbine combustors using one or more of the following measurement systems: Laser Doppler Anemometry, Particle Image Velocimetry, Hot Wire Anemometry.
Development and implementation of a model for the estimation of the fluid-dynamic behaviour of ash from pulverised coal combustion or gasification
The work includes the development of a statistical approach able to predict, after a tuning based on experimental data available in literature, the ash diameter distribution. The model will be coupled with a commercial CFD solver capable to deal with two-phase flow, with the purpose to provide a better representation of the ash behaviour after the completion of the char combustion or gasification.
Development and test of an active control system related to combustion instabilities in gas turbines
The work include the design of an adaptive control algorithm, its implementation and installation on a real time platform. Experimental tests will be carried out in order to optimise the control system.
Experimental assessment of biomass pyrolysis
The activity consists in the analysis of biomass pyrolysis and the process upgrading in order to allow the employment of pyrolytic oil in thermoelectric systems. Activity involves participation to start-up of pilot plant operation follow up and experiment analysis.
Externally fired combined cycles for integrative employment of low cost fuels
The activity consists in the analysis of integration of external combustion equipment in gas fire combined cycle in order to allow the integrative use of low cost fuel such as coal, tar, orimulsion. The study refers the analysis of technological development, the economical assessment of proposed solutions and the development of a reference design for a demonstrative plant.
Integration of biomass pressurised gassification in combined cycles
The activity consists in the analysis of biomass pressurized gassification and of process integration with a natural gas fired combined cycle. The study refers the analysis of technological development and the economical assessment of proposed solutions.
Turbomachinery (also for graduates in physics)
The Candidate will be integrated in a R&D group working on GT Diagnostics with the aim of an active participation to development activity oriented to turbomachinery fault diagnosis.
The activities will involve studies and development on one or more of the following subjects:
- Numerical model for turbomachinery simulation.
- GT cycle thermodynamics and modelling.
- Turbomachinery vibration and noise.
- Signal analysis and advanced diagnostic and monitoring techniques for turbomachinery.
- Advanced software for expert systems.
- Engine data analysis and reporting.
Chlorine mobilization under thermal treatment of waste material for energy recovery
Laboratory scale experimental study on Polynuclear Aromatic Compound (PAC) formation and destruction during coal pyrolysis and gasification
Analysis and risk assessment of asbestos containing materials
Characterization and re-use of oil combustion ashes
Mechano-chemical inertization of industrial hazardous wastes
Chemical characterisation of fuels, ash and deposits
Industrial statistics: application of optimal design and correlation techniques to combustion experiments
Modelling ash deposition during coal combustion
- Development of a flame diagnostics system based on the use of a fast television camera for the detection of relevant species
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Tony Griffiths at UWCC and Mario Graziadio at ENEL.
